Mi reflexiones en cuanto a las Expectativa del Curso:
El curso en lineas generales, nos suministro todas las herramientas necesarias para que podamos interpretar cualquier texto en ingles que queramos abordar.
Asi mismo, durante toda la materia estuvimos la oportunidad de usar todas las herramientas de internet para la mayor compresión de los temas que abarcamos, entre ellos: videos,presentaciones,etc.. como también la utilización de la herramienta del blogspot que para mi persona en particular era desconocida.
Desde este momento, ya me cierto con mayor capacidad y sin duda con mayor herramientas para leer e interpretar cualquier texto ingles.
De mi parte existo para todos mi compañeros del postgrado, fue un placer compartir esta materia con ustedes.
Saludos,un fuerte abrazo.
Eliana Reyes Perdomo.
sábado, 2 de abril de 2011
TALLER UNIDADES 3 Y 4
TECNICAS DE LECTUTRA ( PREDICCIÓN, SCANNING,SKIMMING)
Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams, and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,[4] surveying, and construction engineering.[6] Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.
TOPICO DEL TEXTO:
Según la imagen y el titulo trata el tema de todo loque se refiere a la carrera de la IngenieriaCivil.
IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO:
Explica todo lo que involucra la rama de la ingenieria civil, desde los conocimientos de física,quimica,cálculos para la construcción de obras de infraestructura, obras hidraulica y de transporte, adesmás explica que su origen viene de la ingenieria militar.
QUE PALABRAS SE REPITEN
Civil, engineering, military, construction
PALABRAS QUE SEPARECEN EN ESPAÑOL:
Professional, canals, military, naturally, individual, materials, international, municicipal, structural.
PALABRAS QUE AYUDAN A ENTENDEREL TEXTO:
Civil engineering
ELTEXTO TRATA DE:
La ingenieria civil es la rama que de la ingeniería que aplica los conocimientos de fisica,quimica, cálculo y geología para la elaboración de obras de infraestructuras, obras ghidraúlicas y obras de transpiorte. La denominación "civil" se debe a su origen diferenciado de la ingeniería militar.
Esto comprende planes de organización territorial tales como prevención de desastres, control de tráfico y transporte, manejo de recursos hídricos, servicios públicos, tratamiento de basuras y todas aquellas actividades que garantizan el bienestar de la humanidad que desarrolla su vida sobre las obras civiles construidas y operadas por ingenieros.
PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PARRAFO
PRIMER TEXTO:
Sub-disciplines Civil engineering.
Geotechnical engineering:
Geotechnical engineering is an area of civil engineering concerned with the rock and soil that civil engineering systems are supported by. Knowledge from the fields of geology, material science and testing, mechanics, and hydraulics are applied by geotechnical engineers to safely and economically design foundations, retaining walls, and similar structures. Environmental concerns in relation to groundwater and waste disposal have spawned a new area of study called geoenvironmental engineering where biology and chemistry are important.
Structural engineering:
Structural engineering is concerned with the structural design and structural analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, flyovers, tunnels, off shore structures like oil and gas fields in the sea, and other structures. This involves identifying the loads which act upon a structure and the forces and stresses which arise within that structure due to those loads, and then designing the structure to successfully support and resist those loads. The loads can be self weight of the structures, other dead load, live loads, moving (wheel) load, wind load, earthquake load, load from temperature change etc. The structural engineer must design structures to be safe for their users and to successfully fulfill the function they are designed for (to be serviceable). Due to the nature of some loading conditions, sub-disciplines within structural engineering have emerged, including wind engineering and earthquake engineering.
Water resources engineering:
Water resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water (as a natural resource). As a discipline it therefore combines hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology, conservation, and resource management. This area of civil engineering relates to the prediction and management of both the quality and the quantity of water in both underground (aquifers) and above ground (lakes, rivers, and streams) resources. Water resource engineers analyze and model very small to very large areas of the earth to predict the amount and content of water as it flows into, through, or out of a facility. Although the actual design of the facility may be left to other engineers. Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees, storm sewers), and canals. Hydraulic engineers design these facilities using the concepts of fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and hydraulics, among others.
A. Definición: Sub-disciplines Civil engineering: Define las ramas de la Ingenieria Civil,
Las ramas de la IngenieríaCivil son: La Ingeniería Geotecnia, la ingeniería Estructural, la ingeniería Hidraulica, Ingeniería deTransporte e infraestructura vial.
MARCADORES DE DEFINICIÓN:
Is
are
This involves
is concerned
SEGUNDO TEXTO
B. MARCADORES DE TIEMPO IDEA GENERAL DELPARRAFO
History of the civil engineering profession
Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing.
Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably.[7] The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700-2500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structure constructions. Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), the Great Wall of China by General Meng T'ien under orders from Ch'in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC)[6] and the stupas constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbours, bridges, dams and roads.
The Archimedes screw was operated by hand and could raise water efficiently.In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military engineering.[5] The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse.[4][6] In 1771 Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society.
MARCADORES DE TIEMPO:
between 4000 and 2000 BC
In 1771 Smeaton
In the 18th century
DE SECUENCIA:
During this time
La idea general del texto:
Trata de que la historia de la ingeniería civil esta estrechamente relacionada con la matemáticas y los avances del conocimiento de la física a través de la historia,relacionada con la egipcioy mesopotania.
Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams, and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,[4] surveying, and construction engineering.[6] Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.
TOPICO DEL TEXTO:
Según la imagen y el titulo trata el tema de todo loque se refiere a la carrera de la IngenieriaCivil.
IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO:
Explica todo lo que involucra la rama de la ingenieria civil, desde los conocimientos de física,quimica,cálculos para la construcción de obras de infraestructura, obras hidraulica y de transporte, adesmás explica que su origen viene de la ingenieria militar.
QUE PALABRAS SE REPITEN
Civil, engineering, military, construction
PALABRAS QUE SEPARECEN EN ESPAÑOL:
Professional, canals, military, naturally, individual, materials, international, municicipal, structural.
PALABRAS QUE AYUDAN A ENTENDEREL TEXTO:
Civil engineering
ELTEXTO TRATA DE:
La ingenieria civil es la rama que de la ingeniería que aplica los conocimientos de fisica,quimica, cálculo y geología para la elaboración de obras de infraestructuras, obras ghidraúlicas y obras de transpiorte. La denominación "civil" se debe a su origen diferenciado de la ingeniería militar.
Esto comprende planes de organización territorial tales como prevención de desastres, control de tráfico y transporte, manejo de recursos hídricos, servicios públicos, tratamiento de basuras y todas aquellas actividades que garantizan el bienestar de la humanidad que desarrolla su vida sobre las obras civiles construidas y operadas por ingenieros.
PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PARRAFO
PRIMER TEXTO:
Sub-disciplines Civil engineering.
Geotechnical engineering:
Geotechnical engineering is an area of civil engineering concerned with the rock and soil that civil engineering systems are supported by. Knowledge from the fields of geology, material science and testing, mechanics, and hydraulics are applied by geotechnical engineers to safely and economically design foundations, retaining walls, and similar structures. Environmental concerns in relation to groundwater and waste disposal have spawned a new area of study called geoenvironmental engineering where biology and chemistry are important.
Structural engineering:
Structural engineering is concerned with the structural design and structural analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, flyovers, tunnels, off shore structures like oil and gas fields in the sea, and other structures. This involves identifying the loads which act upon a structure and the forces and stresses which arise within that structure due to those loads, and then designing the structure to successfully support and resist those loads. The loads can be self weight of the structures, other dead load, live loads, moving (wheel) load, wind load, earthquake load, load from temperature change etc. The structural engineer must design structures to be safe for their users and to successfully fulfill the function they are designed for (to be serviceable). Due to the nature of some loading conditions, sub-disciplines within structural engineering have emerged, including wind engineering and earthquake engineering.
Water resources engineering:
Water resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water (as a natural resource). As a discipline it therefore combines hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology, conservation, and resource management. This area of civil engineering relates to the prediction and management of both the quality and the quantity of water in both underground (aquifers) and above ground (lakes, rivers, and streams) resources. Water resource engineers analyze and model very small to very large areas of the earth to predict the amount and content of water as it flows into, through, or out of a facility. Although the actual design of the facility may be left to other engineers. Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees, storm sewers), and canals. Hydraulic engineers design these facilities using the concepts of fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and hydraulics, among others.
A. Definición: Sub-disciplines Civil engineering: Define las ramas de la Ingenieria Civil,
Las ramas de la IngenieríaCivil son: La Ingeniería Geotecnia, la ingeniería Estructural, la ingeniería Hidraulica, Ingeniería deTransporte e infraestructura vial.
MARCADORES DE DEFINICIÓN:
Is
are
This involves
is concerned
SEGUNDO TEXTO
B. MARCADORES DE TIEMPO IDEA GENERAL DELPARRAFO
History of the civil engineering profession
Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing.
Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably.[7] The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700-2500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structure constructions. Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), the Great Wall of China by General Meng T'ien under orders from Ch'in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC)[6] and the stupas constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbours, bridges, dams and roads.
MARCADORES DE TIEMPO:
between 4000 and 2000 BC
In 1771 Smeaton
In the 18th century
DE SECUENCIA:
During this time
La idea general del texto:
Trata de que la historia de la ingeniería civil esta estrechamente relacionada con la matemáticas y los avances del conocimiento de la física a través de la historia,relacionada con la egipcioy mesopotania.
viernes, 1 de abril de 2011
UNIDAD I: TAREA EJEMPLO REALIZADA EN CLASE
TAREA EJEMPLO REALIZADA EN CLASE:
Project Management Objectives
- Coordinate the various interrelated processes of the project.
- Ensure project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
- Ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget.
- Ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.
- Ensure the most effective use of the people involved with the project.
- Promote effective communication between the projects team members and key stakeholders.
- Ensure that project risks are identified, analyzed, and responded.
PALABRAS NUEVAS:
Management: (n) Directivos, Gestión, Administración.
Ensure: (v.t) Asegurar, Garantizar.
Budget: (n.a) Presupuesto.
Undertaken: (v) Asumir.
stakeholders: (n.a) Interasados, Socios, Inversionistas.
ABREVIACIONES:
n: Nombre
v: Verbo
v.t: Verbo Transitivo
n.a: Nombre Contable
Todas las palabras son de contenido
CATEGORÍAS LEXICALES:
Sustantivo: Project - people
Adjetivos: Interrelated - Effective
Adverbios: Only - Successfully
Verbos: Work - Coordinate
Conjucciones: Between - And
Preposiciones: On - Of
Articulos (Demostrativos) : That
Prefijos: Inlated - En_sure ter_re
Sufijos: Succesful_ly - Import_ant
Cognados Verdaderos: Characteristics - Identified
Cognados Falsos: Quality
IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO:
La ides principal de este texo es sobre los objetivos principales que deben cumplirse para obtener una buena gestión de proyectos y cumplir con el ciclo de vida del proyecto.
TEXTO EN ESPAÑOL:
Objetivos de la Gestión de Proyecto:
* Coordinar los distintos procesos relacionados entre sí del proyecto.
* Asegúrese que el proyecto incluye todo el trabajo requerido, y sólo el trabajo requerido, para completar el proyecto con éxito.
* Asegúrese de que el proyecto se termine a tiempo y dentro del presupuesto.
* Asegúrese de que el proyecto satisfaga las necesidades para las cuales se llevó a cabo.
* Asegúrese del uso más eficaz de las personas involucradas con el proyecto.
* Promover la comunicación eficaz entre los miembros del equipo de proyectos y los principales interesados.
* Asegúrese de que los riesgos del proyecto son identificados, analizados y respondidos.
En la práctica, gestión de proyectos sigue un enfoque por fases para el proyecto excution y tienen un tipo que se define el ciclo de vida del proyecto. El trabajo en equipo y control de calidad son algunas características importantes inherentes de éxito de gestión de proyectos.
jueves, 31 de marzo de 2011
EJERCICIO DE LA UNIDAD III (Predicción,deducción,scanning y skimming)
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.[1]U.S. Department of Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994.GLONASS) was in use by the Russian military only until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. There are also the planned Chinese Compass navigation system and the European Union's Galileo positioning system.
The GPS project was started in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems, integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was in use by the Russian military only until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. There are also the planned Chinese Compass navigation system and the European Union's Galileo positioning system
In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was in use by the Russian military only until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. There are also the planned Chinese Compass navigation system and the European Union's Galileo positioning system
IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO:
Es un Sistema Satelital de Navegación Global basado en el espacio (GNSS) que provee ubicación real e información a tiempo en cualquier lugar en la tierra y en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugaro cerca de la tierra, cuando y donde hay una linea de señal despejada a cuatro o más satelite GPS
PALABRAS QUE SE REPITEN:
Time, global, satellites, System, navigatión.
PALABRAS QUE SE PARECEN EN ESPAÑOL:
Global, navigatión, satellite, system, informatión, accesible, originally, Defense, operational, project, limitations, Department, military, predecessors.
PALABRAS EN NEGRITAS, QUE AYUDAN A ENTENDER EL TEXTO
Global Positioning System (GPS)
DE QUE TRATA EL TEXTO(PRIMER Y ULTIMO PARRAFO)
Es un Sistema Satelital de Navegación Global basado en el espacio (GNSS) que provee ubicación real e información a tiempo en cualquier lugar en la tierra y en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugaro cerca de la tierra, cuando y donde hay una linea de señal despejada a cuatro o más satelite GPS
Adicionalmente al GPS, otros sistemas estan en uso y desarrollo; el sistema satelital de navegación global Russo (GLONASS) fue usado por el ejercito ruso hasta que se hizo disponible compltamente paralos civiles en el año 2007. También existe el Sistema de navegación Compass Chino y el Sistema de posicionamiento Galileo de la Unión Europea.
SCANNIG:
Cuando comenzo el proyecto de GPS?
The GPS project was started in 1973(El proyecto GPS se inicio en el año 1973)
Donde fue creado y realizado el GPS?
Department of Defense (USDOD).(Fue creado en el Dpartamento de los Estados Unidos)
Cuando se volvio Operativo?
It became fully operational in 1994. (Es operativo desde 1994)
Donde se desarrollo el sistema de posicionamiento Europeo?
In the Unión Europea. ( En la Unión Europa).
In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was in use by the Russian military only until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. There are also the planned Chinese Compass navigation system and the European Union's Galileo positioning system
IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO:
Es un Sistema Satelital de Navegación Global basado en el espacio (GNSS) que provee ubicación real e información a tiempo en cualquier lugar en la tierra y en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugaro cerca de la tierra, cuando y donde hay una linea de señal despejada a cuatro o más satelite GPS
PALABRAS QUE SE REPITEN:
Time, global, satellites, System, navigatión.
PALABRAS QUE SE PARECEN EN ESPAÑOL:
Global, navigatión, satellite, system, informatión, accesible, originally, Defense, operational, project, limitations, Department, military, predecessors.
PALABRAS EN NEGRITAS, QUE AYUDAN A ENTENDER EL TEXTO
Global Positioning System (GPS)
DE QUE TRATA EL TEXTO(PRIMER Y ULTIMO PARRAFO)
Es un Sistema Satelital de Navegación Global basado en el espacio (GNSS) que provee ubicación real e información a tiempo en cualquier lugar en la tierra y en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugaro cerca de la tierra, cuando y donde hay una linea de señal despejada a cuatro o más satelite GPS
Adicionalmente al GPS, otros sistemas estan en uso y desarrollo; el sistema satelital de navegación global Russo (GLONASS) fue usado por el ejercito ruso hasta que se hizo disponible compltamente paralos civiles en el año 2007. También existe el Sistema de navegación Compass Chino y el Sistema de posicionamiento Galileo de la Unión Europea.
SCANNIG:
Cuando comenzo el proyecto de GPS?
The GPS project was started in 1973(El proyecto GPS se inicio en el año 1973)
Donde fue creado y realizado el GPS?
Department of Defense (USDOD).(Fue creado en el Dpartamento de los Estados Unidos)
Cuando se volvio Operativo?
It became fully operational in 1994. (Es operativo desde 1994)
Donde se desarrollo el sistema de posicionamiento Europeo?
In the Unión Europea. ( En la Unión Europa).
jueves, 24 de marzo de 2011
EJRCICIO 2; UNIDAD II: ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIÓN
This document specifies vertical flares technical characteristics, which will be assisted by air blowers allowing smokeless burning of gases generated in storage and process area by complete combustion, also specifies vertical KOD to be located in the low pressure head (store area) to separate liquids generated in pipe.
Idea Principal:: Es el alcance de un documento donde explica que se instalará un mechurrio (flare)vertical y mencionan sus carateristicas técnicas.
Este documento especifica las caracteristicas técnicas de un mechurrio vertical, el cual estará provisto por sopladores de aires que permiten la quema sin humo de gas generado en el área de almacenamiento y proceso mediante la combustión completa, además especifica que el KOD vertical va a ser ubicado en el cabzal de baja presión(área de almacenamiento) para separar liquidos generados en la tubería.
FN, pre y post-modificado:This document specifies vertical flares(sustantivo) technical characteristics.
FV, Nucleo: which will be (nucleo frase verbal)assisted by air blowers allowing smokeless burning of gases generated in storage and process area by complete combustion.
Tiempo verbal de la oración: Futuro Continuo.(which will be assisted by air blowers allowing smokeless burning of gases generated in storage and process area by complete combustion.
Conexión refrencial: which
Demostrativos: this
Idea Principal:: Es el alcance de un documento donde explica que se instalará un mechurrio (flare)vertical y mencionan sus carateristicas técnicas.
Este documento especifica las caracteristicas técnicas de un mechurrio vertical, el cual estará provisto por sopladores de aires que permiten la quema sin humo de gas generado en el área de almacenamiento y proceso mediante la combustión completa, además especifica que el KOD vertical va a ser ubicado en el cabzal de baja presión(área de almacenamiento) para separar liquidos generados en la tubería.
FN, pre y post-modificado:This document specifies vertical flares(sustantivo) technical characteristics.
FV, Nucleo: which will be (nucleo frase verbal)assisted by air blowers allowing smokeless burning of gases generated in storage and process area by complete combustion.
Tiempo verbal de la oración: Futuro Continuo.(which will be assisted by air blowers allowing smokeless burning of gases generated in storage and process area by complete combustion.
Conexión refrencial: which
Demostrativos: this
viernes, 11 de marzo de 2011
MAESTRIA PROYECTO DE GERENCIA INDUSTRIALES
ESTOY INICIANDO MI POSTGRADO , CURSANDO LA MATERIA INGLES INSTRUMENTAL
ESPERO APROBAR TODAS LAS MATERIA EN MI MAESTRIA
ESPERANDO TENER EXITO
SALUDOS CORDIALES
ELIANA REYES PERDOMO
ESPERO APROBAR TODAS LAS MATERIA EN MI MAESTRIA
ESPERANDO TENER EXITO
SALUDOS CORDIALES
ELIANA REYES PERDOMO
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